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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known by his alias Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1922 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. A Marxist, he developed a variant of this communist ideology known as Leninism.

Born to a moderately prosperous middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.

Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the market-oriented New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from the Russian Empire after 1917, but three were re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government.

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USSR (1917-1991)

2024

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The Return of Vertov

2024

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A Nation Denied: Ukraine's Battle for History

2024

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Aurora's Sunrise

2023

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Russlands Kriege

2023

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Le Siècle des icônes

2022

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The Anarchists

2022

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A History of Antisemitism

2022

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The Secret Masonic Victory of World War II

2022

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The Village Detective: A Song Cycle

2021

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The UnXplained

2019

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Lenin and the Other Story of the Russian Revolution

2018

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Karl Marx und seine Erben

2018

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Life and Fate by Vassili Grossman

2018

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Russia 1917: Countdown to Revolution

2017

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The Russian Revolution

2017

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Rasputin: Murder in the Tsar's Court

2016

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The Chosen

2016

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Laissez-faire

2015

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JFK to 9/11: Everything is a Rich Man's Trick

2014

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The Romanovs: Glory and Fall of the Czars

2013

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Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States

2012

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Lenin: Sosyalizmin Kızıl Şafağı

2012

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Doomsday: World War I

2012

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Reagan

2011

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Hitler & Stalin: Portrait of Hostility

2009

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Beyond the Movie: The Return of the King

2003

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The Corporation

2003

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Stalin: Man of Steel

2003

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Naqoyqatsi

2002

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Faith of the Century: A History of Communism

1999

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Human Remains

1998

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Soviet Union: The Rise and Fall - Part 1

1996

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Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey

1995

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American Experience

1988

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V.I.Lenin. Pages of Life

1983

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Cinema in Russia

1979

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When the Century Took Shape (War and Revolution)

1978

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The Soviet Union: A New Look

1978

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A Grin Without a Cat

1977

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The Society of the Spectacle

1974

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1917 - Jahr der Entscheidung

1973

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Beginning

1967

The Guns of August

1964

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La Rabbia

1963

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To Arms, We Are Fascists!

1962

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Our Cinema

1940

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The Fight For Peace

1939

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Tsar to Lenin

1937

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Gentlemen in Storm and Gentlemen in Crown

1934

Three Songs About Lenin

1934

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The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty

1927

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Kino-Pravda No. 21: Lenin Kino-Pravda. A Film Poem About Lenin

1925

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The Brain of Soviet Russia

1919

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Anniversary of the Revolution

1918

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